【定语从句的用法归纳总结】在英语语法中,定语从句是用于修饰名词或代词的一种从句结构。它能够帮助我们更准确、更具体地表达意思。掌握定语从句的用法对于提高英语表达能力至关重要。本文将对定语从句的基本结构、引导词使用以及常见用法进行归纳总结,并通过表格形式清晰展示。
一、定语从句的基本结构
定语从句通常由一个关系代词或关系副词引导,用来修饰前面的先行词(即被修饰的名词或代词)。定语从句在句子中充当定语成分,可以放在先行词之后,也可以省略。
基本结构如下:
先行词 + 关系词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分
例如:
- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
(我昨天买的那本书很有趣。)
二、关系代词与关系副词的使用
关系词 | 用法说明 | 举例 |
that | 指代人或物,作主语或宾语,不可省略 | The man that is talking to Mary is my teacher. |
which | 指代物,作主语或宾语,可省略 | The car which is parked outside is mine. |
who | 指代人,作主语 | The girl who is standing over there is my sister. |
whom | 指代人,作宾语 | The teacher whom you met yesterday is very kind. |
whose | 表示所属关系,指人或物 | The boy whose bag was stolen is crying now. |
when | 指时间,作状语 | I still remember the day when we first met. |
where | 指地点,作状语 | This is the house where I grew up. |
why | 指原因,作状语 | That’s the reason why she left early. |
三、定语从句的常见用法
1. 限制性定语从句:对先行词起限定作用,不能省略,否则会影响句子的意思。
- 例句:The student who failed the exam is my classmate.
2. 非限制性定语从句:对先行词进行补充说明,用逗号隔开,省略后不影响句子的基本含义。
- 例句:My brother, who lives in Shanghai, is coming to visit me.
3. 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略:
- 例句:The man (that) I saw at the park is my neighbor.
4. 当先行词是“the one”、“all”等时,通常用that引导:
- 例句:I like the one that is red.
5. 当先行词是“everything”、“something”等不定代词时,通常用that引导:
- 例句:There is something that I need to tell you.
6. 当先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词时,可用when、where、why引导:
- 例句:Do you remember the time when we went to the beach?
四、定语从句的注意事项
- 关系词的选择要根据先行词的性质(人、物、时间、地点、原因)来决定。
- 在非正式口语中,有时会省略关系代词(尤其是作宾语时)。
- 定语从句的位置一般紧跟在先行词之后,但有时也可置于句首或句中。
- 注意区分同位语从句和定语从句的区别,避免混淆。
五、总结表格
类型 | 引导词 | 用法 | 例子 |
限制性定语从句 | that / which / who / whom / whose | 修饰先行词,不可省略 | The book that is on the table is mine. |
非限制性定语从句 | which / who / whom / whose | 补充说明,用逗号隔开 | My friend, who is a doctor, is coming tomorrow. |
时间状语从句 | when | 修饰时间名词 | I still remember the day when we met. |
地点状语从句 | where | 修饰地点名词 | This is the place where we first met. |
原因状语从句 | why | 修饰原因 | That's the reason why he didn't come. |
通过以上归纳总结,我们可以更系统地理解定语从句的结构与用法,从而在实际写作和口语中灵活运用。建议多做相关练习题,逐步提升对定语从句的掌握程度。